2020 United States presidential election

2020 United States presidential election

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The electoral map for the 2020 election, based on populations from the 2010 Census.
Incumbent President Donald Trump Republican

2020 U.S. presidential election
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The 2020 United States presidential election is scheduled for Tuesday, November 3, 2020. It will be the 59th quadrennial presidential election. Voters will select presidential electors who in turn will vote on December 14, 2020,^[1] to either elect a new president and vice president or reelect the incumbents Donald Trump and Mike Pence respectively. The series of presidential primary elections and caucuses are being held from February to June 2020. This nominating process is an indirect election, where voters cast ballots selecting a slate of delegates to a political party's nominating convention, who then in turn elect their party's nominees for president and vice president.

Donald Trump, the 45th and incumbent president, has launched a reelection campaign for the Republican primaries; several state Republican Party organizations have cancelled their primaries in a show of support for his candidacy.^[2] 29 major candidates launched campaigns for the Democratic nomination, which became the largest field of candidates for any political party in the post-reform period of American politics. The winner of the 2020 presidential election is scheduled to be inaugurated on January 20, 2021.

Background

Procedure

Article Two of the United States Constitution states that for a person to serve as president the individual must be a natural-born citizen of the United States, at least 35 years old and a United States resident for at least 14 years. Candidates for the presidency typically seek the nomination of one of the various political parties of the United States, in which case each party develops a method (such as a primary election) to choose the candidate the party deems best suited to run for the position. The primary elections are usually indirect elections where voters cast ballots for a slate of party delegates pledged to a particular candidate. The party's delegates then officially nominate a candidate to run on the party's behalf. The presidential nominee typically chooses a vice presidential running mate to form that party's ticket, who is then ratified by the delegates (with the exception of the Libertarian Party, which nominates its vice presidential candidate by delegate vote regardless of the presidential nominee's preference). The general election in November is also an indirect election, in which voters cast ballots for a slate of members of the Electoral College; these electors then directly elect the president and vice president.^[3] If no candidate receives the minimum 270 electoral votes needed to win the election, the United States House of Representatives will select the president from the three candidates who received the most electoral votes, and the United States Senate will select the vice president from the candidates who received the two highest totals.

On August 26, 2019, the Maine legislature passed a bill adopting ranked-choice voting both for presidential primaries and for the general election.^[4][5] On September 6, 2019, Governor Janet Mills allowed the bill to become law without her signature, which delayed it from taking effect until after the 2020 Democratic primary in March, but puts Maine on track to be the first state to use ranked-choice voting for a presidential general election. The law continues the use of the congressional district method for the allocation of electors, as Maine and Nebraska have used in recent elections.^[6] The change could potentially delay the projection of the winner(s) of Maine's electoral votes for days after election day,^[7] and will also complicate interpretation of the national popular vote.^[8]

The Twenty-second Amendment to the Constitution states that an individual cannot be elected to the presidency more than twice. This prohibits former presidents Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, and Barack Obama from being elected president again. Former president Jimmy Carter, having served only a single term as president, is not constitutionally prohibited from being elected to another term in the 2020 election, though he has no plans to do so, saying, "95 is out of the question. I'm having a hard time walking. I think the time has passed for me to be involved actively in politics, much less run for president."^[9]

Demographic trends

The age group of what will then be people in the 18-to-45-year-old bracket is expected to represent just under 40 percent of the United States' eligible voters in 2020. It is expected that more than 30 percent of eligible American voters will be nonwhite.^[10]

A bipartisan report indicates that changes in voter demographics since the 2016 election could impact the results of the 2020 election. African Americans, Hispanics, Asians, and other ethnic minorities, as well as "whites with a college degree", are expected to all increase their percentage of national eligible voters by 2020, while "whites without a college degree" will decrease. This shift is potentially an advantage for the Democratic nominee; however, due to geographical differences, this could still lead to President Trump (or a different Republican nominee) winning the Electoral College while still losing the popular vote, possibly by an even larger margin than in 2016.^[11]

Simultaneous elections

The presidential election will occur simultaneously with elections to the Senate and the House of Representatives. Gubernatorial and legislative elections will also be held in several states. Following the election, the United States House will redistribute the seats among the 50 states based on the results of the 2020 United States Census, and the states will conduct a redistricting of Congressional and state legislative districts. In most states the governor and the state legislature conduct the redistricting (although some states have redistricting commissions), and often a party that wins a presidential election experiences a coattail effect which also helps other candidates of that party win elections.^[12] Therefore, the party that wins the 2020 presidential election could also win a significant advantage in the drawing of new Congressional and state legislative districts that would stay in effect until the 2032 elections.^[13]

Impeachment

The House of Representatives voted to impeach President Trump on two counts on December 18, 2019.^[14] The trial in the Senate began on January 21, 2020,^[15] and ended on February 5, resulting in acquittal by the United States Senate.^[16]

This is the first time a president has been impeached during his first term and while running for a second term.^[17] Trump continued to hold campaign rallies during the impeachment.^[18][19] This is also the first time since the modern presidential primaries were established in 1911 that a president has been subjected to impeachment while the primary season was underway.^[20] The impeachment process overlapped with the primary campaigns, forcing senators running for the Democratic nomination to remain in Washington for the trial in the days before and after the Iowa caucuses.^[21][22]

Nominations

Republican Party nomination

Primaries

In election cycles with incumbent presidents running for re-election, the race for their party nomination are usually pro-forma, with token opposition instead of any serious challengers, and with their party rules being fixed in their favor.^[23][24] The 2020 election is no exception: with Donald Trump formally seeking a second term,^[25][26] the official Republican apparatus, both state and national, have coordinated with his campaign to implement changes to make it difficult for any primary opponent to mount a serious challenge.^[27][28] On January 25, 2019, the Republican National Committee unofficially endorsed Trump.^[29]

Several Republican state committees have scrapped their respective primaries or caucuses.^[30] They have cited the fact that Republicans canceled several state primaries when George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush sought a second term in 1992 and 2004, respectively; and Democrats scrapped some of their primaries when Bill Clinton and Barack Obama were seeking reelection in 1996 and 2012, respectively.^[31][32] After cancelling their races, some of those states like Hawaii and New York immediately binded their delegates to Trump,^[33][34] while other such states like Kansas and Nevada later formally held a convention or meeting to officially award their delegates to him.^[35][36]

In addition, the Trump campaign urged Republican state committees that used proportional methods to award delegates in 2016 (where a state's delegates are basically divided proportionally among the candidates based on the vote percentage) to switch to a "winner-takes-all" (where the winning candidate in a state gets all its delegates) or "winner-takes-most" (where the winning candidate only wins all of the state's delegates if he exceeds a predetermined amount, otherwise they are divided proportionally) for 2020.^[24][37]

Nevertheless, reports arose beginning in August 2017 that members of the Republican Party were preparing a "shadow campaign" against the President, particularly from the moderate or establishment wings of the party. Then-Arizona senator John McCain said, "Republicans see weakness in this president."^[38][39] Maine senator Susan Collins, Kentucky senator Rand Paul, and former New Jersey governor Chris Christie all expressed doubts in 2017 that Trump would be the 2020 nominee, with Collins stating "it's too difficult to say."^[40][41] Senator Jeff Flake claimed in 2017 that Trump was "inviting" a primary challenger by the way he was governing.^[42] Longtime political strategist Roger Stone, however, predicted in May 2018 that Trump might not seek a second term were he to succeed in keeping all his campaign promises and "mak[ing] America great again".^[43]

Former Massachusetts governor Bill Weld then became Trump's first major challenger in the Republican primaries following an announcement on April 15, 2019.^[44] Weld, who was the Libertarian Party's nominee for vice president in 2016, is considered a long shot because his libertarian views on several political positions such as abortion rights, gay marriage and marijuana legalization conflict with traditionalist conservative positions.^[45]

In addition, businessman Rocky De La Fuente entered the race on May 16, 2019, but was not widely recognized as a major candidate.

Former Illinois representative Joe Walsh launched a primary challenge on August 25, 2019, saying, "I'm going to do whatever I can. I don't want [Trump] to win. The country cannot afford to have him win. If I'm not successful, I'm not voting for him."^[46] Walsh ended his presidential bid on February 7, 2020, after drawing around 1% support in the Iowa caucuses. Walsh declared that "nobody can beat Trump in a Republican primary" because the Republican Party was now "a cult" of Trump. According to Walsh, Trump supporters had become "followers" who think that Trump "can do no wrong", after absorbing misinformation "from 'conservative' media. They don't know what the truth is and — more importantly — they don't care."^[47]

On September 8, 2019, former South Carolina governor and representative Mark Sanford officially announced that he would be another Republican primary challenger to Trump.^[48] He dropped out of the race 65 days later on November 12, 2019, after failing to gain support in Republican circles.^[49]

Still, Donald Trump's re-election campaign has essentially been ongoing since his victory in 2016, leading pundits to describe his tactic of holding rallies continuously throughout his presidency as a "never-ending campaign".^[50] On January 20, 2017, at 5:11 p.m., he submitted a letter as a substitute of FEC Form 2, by which he reached the legal threshold for filing, in compliance with the Federal Election Campaign Act.^[51] And Trump has run an active campaign during the primary season, even holding rallies in the February primary states, including South Carolina and Nevada where those Republican races were canceled.^[52][53]

Through Super Tuesday, March 3, Trump has won every race so far. Including those states who have canceled their races and have awarded their delegates to him, Trump through Super Tuesday has won an estimated 1,023 of the 1,276 required to officially become the presumptive Republican Party nominee.^[54]

Presumptive nominee (de facto)

Presumptive 2020 Republican Party ticket (de facto)
Donald Trump	Mike Pence
for President	for Vice President
President of the United States (2017-present)	Vice President of the United States (2017-present)
Campaign

Other candidates

The following major candidates have either (a) held public office, (b) been included in a minimum of five independent national polls, or (c) received substantial media coverage.^[55][56][57]

Candidates in this section are sorted by state ballot access
Bill Weld	Joe Walsh	Rocky De La Fuente	Mark Sanford
68th Governor of Massachusetts (1991–1997)	U.S. Representative from IL-08 (2011–2013)	Businessman and Perennial candidate	68th Governor of South Carolina (2003–2011)
Campaign	Campaign	Campaign	Campaign
173,754 votes	W:February 7, 2020 114,337 votes	28,106 votes	W: November 11, 2019 0 votes

Endorsements

Democratic Party nomination

Primaries

In August 2018, the Democratic National Committee voted to disallow superdelegates from voting on the first ballot of the nominating process, beginning with the 2020 election. This would require a candidate to win a majority of pledged delegates from the assorted primary elections in order to win the party's nomination. The last time this did not occur was the nomination of Adlai Stevenson II at the 1952 Democratic National Convention.^[58] Meanwhile, six states will use ranked-choice voting in the primaries: Alaska, Hawaii, Kansas, and Wyoming for all voters; and Iowa and Nevada for absentee voters.^[59]

After Hillary Clinton's loss in the previous election, the Democratic Party was seen largely as leaderless^[60] and fractured between the centrist Clinton wing and the more progressive Sanders wing of the party, echoing the rift brought up in the 2016 primary election.^[61][62]

This divide between the establishment and progressive wings of the party has been reflected in several elections leading up to the 2020 primaries, most notably in 2017 with the election for DNC chair between moderate-backed Tom Perez and progressive-backed Keith Ellison:^[63] Perez was elected chairman, and Ellison was appointed the deputy chair, a largely ceremonial role. In 2018, several U.S. House districts that Democrats hoped to gain from the Republican majority had contentious primary elections. These clashes were described by Politico's Elena Schneider as a "Democratic civil war".^[64] Meanwhile, there has been a general shift to the left in regards to college tuition, healthcare, and immigration among Democrats in the Senate, likely to build up credentials for the upcoming primary election.^[65][66]

Overall, the 2020 primary field had 29 major candidates,^[67] breaking the record for the largest field under the modern presidential primary system previously set during the 2016 GOP primaries with 17 major candidates.^[68] Several female candidates entered the race, increasing the likelihood of the Democrats nominating a woman for the second time in a row.^[69]

Entering the Iowa caucuses on February 3, 2020, however, the field had decreased to 11 major candidates. Pete Buttigieg narrowly defeated Bernie Sanders in Iowa, then Sanders edged Buttigieg in the February 11 New Hampshire primary. Following Michael Bennet, Deval Patrick, and Andrew Yang dropping out, Sanders won the Nevada caucuses on February 22. Joe Biden then won the South Carolina primary, causing Buttigieg, Amy Klobuchar, and Tom Steyer to abandon their campaigns (Buttigieg and Klobuchar then immediately endorsed Biden). After Super Tuesday, March 3, Michael Bloomberg and Elizabeth Warren quit the race, leaving three candidates left: Biden and Sanders, being the main contenders, and Tulsi Gabbard still sticking around despite her long odds.^[70]

Declared major candidates

As of March 5, 2020^[update], there are three major candidates running active campaigns.^[71]

This section is an excerpt from 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries[edit] [history]

Candidate		Born	Experience	State	Campaign announced	Total pledged delegates[72]	Popular vote[73]	Contests won	Article	Ref.
Joe Biden		November 20, 1942 (age 77) Scranton, Pennsylvania	Vice President of the United States (2009–2017) U.S. senator from Delaware (1973–2009) Candidate for President in 1988 and 2008	Delaware	April 25, 2019	670	4,898,801 (35.09%)	11 (AL, AR, MA, ME, MN, NC, OK, SC, TN, TX, VA)	__________ Campaign FEC filing[74]	[75]
Bernie Sanders		September 8, 1941 (age 78) Brooklyn, New York	U.S. senator from Vermont (2007–present) U.S. representative from VT-AL (1991–2007) Candidate for President in 2016	Vermont	February 19, 2019	574	4,001,397 (28.66%)	6 (CA, CO, NH, NV, UT, VT)	__________ Campaign FEC filing[76]	[77]
Tulsi Gabbard		April 12, 1981 (age 38) Leloaloa, American Samoa	U.S. representative from HI-02 (2013–present)	Hawaii	January 11, 2019	2	101,850 (0.74%)	0	__________ Campaign FEC filing[78]	[79]

Withdrew during primaries

This section is an excerpt from 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries[edit] [history]

Candidate		Born	Experience	State	Campaign announced	Campaign suspended	Delegates won[72]	Popular vote	Contests won	Article	Ref
Elizabeth Warren		June 22, 1949 (age 70) Oklahoma City, Oklahoma	U.S. senator from Massachusetts (2013–present)	Massachusetts	February 9, 2019 Exploratory committee: December 31, 2018	March 5, 2020	69	1,797,047[73] (12.9%)	0	__________ Campaign FEC filing[80]	[81][82]
Michael Bloomberg		February 14, 1942 (age 78) Boston, Massachusetts	Mayor of New York City, New York (2002–2013) CEO of Bloomberg L.P.	New York	November 24, 2019 Exploratory committee: November 21, 2019	March 4, 2020 (endorsed Biden)[83]	61	1,710,990[73] (12.5%)	1 (AS)	__________ Campaign FEC filing[84]	[85][86]
Amy Klobuchar		May 25, 1960 (age 59) Plymouth, Minnesota	U.S. senator from Minnesota (2007–present)	Minnesota	February 10, 2019	March 2, 2020 (endorsed Biden)[87]	7	379,610[73] (2.78%)	0	__________ Campaign FEC filing[88]	[89][87]
Pete Buttigieg		January 19, 1982 (age 38) South Bend, Indiana	Mayor of South Bend, Indiana (2012–2020)	Indiana	April 14, 2019 Exploratory committee: January 23, 2019	March 1, 2020 (endorsed Biden)[90]	26	612,511[73] (4.45%)	1 (IA)	__________ Campaign FEC filing[91]	[92][93]
Tom Steyer		June 27, 1957 (age 62) Manhattan, New York	Hedge fund manager Founder of Farallon Capital and Beneficial State Bank	California	July 9, 2019	February 29, 2020	0	205,406[73] (1.49%)	0	__________ Campaign FEC filing[94]	[95][96]
Deval Patrick		July 31, 1956 (age 63) Chicago, Illinois	Governor of Massachusetts (2007–2015)	Massachusetts	November 14, 2019	February 12, 2020 (endorsed Biden)[97]	0	14,620 (0.11%)	0	__________ Campaign FEC filing[98]	[99][100]
Michael Bennet		November 28, 1964 (age 55) New Delhi, India	U.S. senator from Colorado (2009–present)	Colorado	May 2, 2019	February 11, 2020	0	28,696 (0.19%)	0	__________ Campaign FEC filing[101]	[102][103]
Andrew Yang		January 13, 1975 (age 45) Schenectady, New York	Entrepreneur Founder of Venture for America	New York	November 6, 2017	February 11, 2020	0	69,567 (0.50%)	0	__________ Campaign FEC filing[104]	[105][106]

Withdrew before primaries

This section is an excerpt from 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries[edit] [history]

Candidates who withdrew before the primaries

Candidate	Born	Experience	State	Campaign announced	Campaign suspended	Popular vote	Article	Ref.
John Delaney	April 16, 1963 (age 56) Wood-Ridge, New Jersey	U.S. representative from MD-06 (2013–2019)	Maryland	July 28, 2017	January 31, 2020 (endorsed Biden)[107]	10,184	__________ Campaign FEC filing[108]	[109][110]
Cory Booker	April 27, 1969 (age 50) Washington, D.C.	U.S. senator from New Jersey (2013–present) Mayor of Newark, New Jersey (2006–2013)	New Jersey	February 1, 2019	January 13, 2020 (running for re-election)[111] (endorsed Biden)[112]	19,916	__________ Campaign FEC filing[113]	[114][115]
Marianne Williamson	July 8, 1952 (age 67) Houston, Texas	Author Founder of Project Angel Food Independent candidate for U.S. House from CA-33 in 2014	California	January 28, 2019 Exploratory committee: November 15, 2018	January 10, 2020 (endorsed Sanders)[116]	15,797	__________ Campaign FEC filing[117]	[118][119]
Julián Castro	September 16, 1974 (age 45) San Antonio, Texas	Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (2014–2017) Mayor of San Antonio, Texas (2009–2014)	Texas	January 12, 2019 Exploratory committee: December 12, 2018	January 2, 2020 (endorsed Warren)[120]	29,226	__________ Campaign FEC filing[121]	[122][123]
Kamala Harris	October 20, 1964 (age 55) Oakland, California	U.S. senator from California (2017–present) Attorney General of California (2011–2017)	California	January 21, 2019	December 3, 2019 (endorsed Biden)[124]	861	__________ Campaign FEC filing[125]	[126][127]
Steve Bullock	April 11, 1966 (age 53) Missoula, Montana	Governor of Montana (2013–present) Attorney General of Montana (2009–2013)	Montana	May 14, 2019	December 2, 2019 (running for U.S. Senate)[128]	601	__________ Campaign FEC filing[129]	[130][131]
Joe Sestak	December 12, 1951 (age 68) Secane, Pennsylvania	U.S. representative from PA-07 (2007–2011) Former Vice Admiral of the United States Navy	Pennsylvania	June 23, 2019	December 1, 2019 (endorsed Klobuchar)[132]	2,568	Campaign FEC filing[133]	[134][135]
Wayne Messam	June 7, 1974 (age 45) South Bay, Florida	Mayor of Miramar, Florida (2015–present)	Florida	March 28, 2019 Exploratory committee: March 13, 2019	November 19, 2019	0[a]	__________ Campaign FEC filing[136]	[137][138]
Beto O'Rourke	September 26, 1972 (age 47) El Paso, Texas	U.S. representative from TX-16 (2013–2019)	Texas	March 14, 2019	November 1, 2019 (endorsed Biden)[139]	1[a][140]	__________ Campaign FEC filing[141]	[142][143]
Tim Ryan	July 16, 1973 (age 46) Niles, Ohio	U.S. representative from OH-13 (2013–present) U.S. representative from OH-17 (2003–2013)	Ohio	April 4, 2019	October 24, 2019 (running for re-election)[144] (endorsed Biden)[145]	0[a]	__________ Campaign FEC filing[146]	[147][148]
Bill de Blasio	May 8, 1961 (age 58) Manhattan, New York	Mayor of New York City, New York (2014–present)	New York	May 16, 2019	September 20, 2019 (endorsed Sanders)[149]	0[a]	__________ Campaign FEC filing[150]	[151][152]
Kirsten Gillibrand	December 9, 1966 (age 53) Albany, New York	U.S. senator from New York (2009–present) U.S. representative from NY-20 (2007–2009)	New York	March 17, 2019 Exploratory committee: January 15, 2019	August 28, 2019	0[a]	__________ Campaign FEC filing[153]	[154][155]
Seth Moulton	October 24, 1978 (age 41) Salem, Massachusetts	U.S. representative from MA-06 (2015–present)	Massachusetts	April 22, 2019	August 23, 2019 (running for re-election)[156] (endorsed Biden)[157]	0[a]	__________ Campaign FEC filing[158]	[159][160]
Jay Inslee	February 9, 1951 (age 69) Seattle, Washington	Governor of Washington (2013–present) U.S. representative from WA-01 (1999–2012) U.S. representative from WA-04 (1993–1995)	Washington	March 1, 2019	August 21, 2019 (running for re-election)[161]	1[a][162]	__________ Campaign FEC filing[163]	[164][165]
John Hickenlooper	February 7, 1952 (age 68) Narberth, Pennsylvania	Governor of Colorado (2011–2019) Mayor of Denver, Colorado (2003–2011)	Colorado	March 4, 2019	August 15, 2019 (running for U.S. Senate)[166] (endorsed Bennet)[167]	1[a][168]	__________ Campaign FEC filing[169]	[170][171]
Mike Gravel	May 13, 1930 (age 89) Springfield, Massachusetts	U.S. senator from Alaska (1969–1981) Candidate for President in 2008 Candidate for Vice President in 1972	California	April 2, 2019 Exploratory committee: March 19, 2019	August 6, 2019 (endorsed Gabbard and Sanders)[172]	0[a]	__________ Campaign FEC filing[173]	[174][172]
Eric Swalwell	November 16, 1980 (age 39) Sac City, Iowa	U.S. representative from CA-15 (2013–present)	California	April 8, 2019	July 8, 2019 (running for re-election)[175]	0[a]	__________ Campaign FEC filing[176]	[177][178]
Richard Ojeda	September 25, 1970 (age 49) Rochester, Minnesota	West Virginia state senator from WV-SD07 (2016–2019)	West Virginia	November 11, 2018	January 25, 2019 (running for U.S. Senate)[179]	0[a]	Campaign FEC filing[180]	[181][182]

Endorsements

Libertarian Party nominations

Declared candidates

The following candidates have received over 5% of the vote in the 2020 Libertarian primaries

This section is an excerpt from 2020 Libertarian Party presidential primaries[edit] [history]

Candidate		Born	Experience	Home state	Campaign	Popular vote	Contests won	Ref
									Jacob Hornberger		January 1, 1950 (age 70) Laredo, Texas	Founder and President of the Future of Freedom Foundation Independent candidate for U.S. Senate from Virginia in 2002 Candidate for President in 2000	Virginia	October 29, 2019 FEC Filing[183]	4,375 (18.08%)	4 (CA, IA, MN, NY)	[184]
Vermin Supreme		June 3, 1961 (age 58) Rockport, Massachusetts	Performance artist and activist Candidate for President in 1992, 1996, 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012, and 2016 Candidate for Mayor of Detroit, Michigan in 1989 Candidate for Mayor of Baltimore, Maryland in 1987	Massachusetts	Campaign May 28, 2018 FEC Filing[185] Running mate: Spike Cohen[186]	2,734 (11.30%)	1 (NH)	[187]
120px Jo Jorgensen		May 1, 1957 (age 62) Libertyville, Illinois	Psychology senior lecturer at Clemson University Nominee for Vice President in 1996 Nominee for U.S. representative from SC-04 in 1992	South Carolina	November 2, 2019 FEC Filing[188]	2,676 (11.06%)	0	[189]
Ken Armstrong		April 25, 1957 (age 62) Pasadena, California	U.S. Coast Guard commissioned officer (1977–1994) Former nonprofit executive Former member of the Honolulu County, Hawaii Neighborhood Board	Oregon	May 10, 2019 FEC Filing[190]	2,591 (10.71%)	0	[191]
Adam Kokesh		February 1, 1982 (age 38) San Francisco, California	Libertarian and anti-war political activist Nominee for U.S. Senate from Arizona in 2018 Republican candidate for U.S. representative from NM-03 in 2010	Arizona	July 23, 2013 FEC Filing[192]	1,752 (7.24%)	0	[193]
Dan Behrman		April 24, 1981 (age 38) Los Angeles, California	Software engineer, internet personality and podcaster Nominee for Texas state representative from TX-125 in 2014	Texas	January 30, 2019 FEC Filing[194]	1,415 (5.85%)	0	[195]
Max Abramson[b]		April 29, 1976 (age 43) Kent, Washington	New Hampshire State Representative (2014–2016; 2018–present) Nominee for Governor of New Hampshire in 2016	New Hampshire	June 30, 2019 FEC Filing[197]	1,391 (5.75%)	0	[198]
Lincoln Chafee		March 26, 1953 (age 66) Providence, Rhode Island	Governor of Rhode Island (2011–2015) U.S. Senator from Rhode Island (1999–2007) Mayor of Warwick, Rhode Island (1993–1999) Democratic candidate for President in 2016	Wyoming	Campaign January 5, 2020	40 (0.17%)	0	[199][200]

Withdrawn candidates

This section is an excerpt from 2020 Libertarian Party presidential primaries[edit] [history]

Candidate		Born	Experience	State	Campaign announced	Campaign suspended	Popular vote	Contests won	Campaign	Ref
Kim Ruff		Peoria, Arizona	Vice chair of the LPRadical Caucus Write-in candidate for Arizona State Mine Inspector in 2018	Arizona	March 25, 2019	January 11, 2020 (Endorsed Supreme)[201]	2,223 (9.19%)	0	FEC Filing[202] Running mate: John Phillips Jr.	[203][204]

Endorsements

This section is an excerpt from 2020 Libertarian Party presidential primaries § Endorsements[edit] [history]

Lincoln Chafee
Individuals Steve Kerbel, businessman, author, and former Libertarian Party candidate for President of the United States[205]

Jacob Hornberger

Party officials John A. Buttrick, attorney and former chairman of the Libertarian Party of Arizona[206] Todd Hagopian, businessman and Chair of the Tulsa, OK chapter of the Libertarian Party of Oklahoma[207] Individuals Scott Horton, radio host and anti-war activist[208] Jake Porter, nominee for Governor of Iowa in 2018[209] Tom Woods, historian and author[210] Dave Smith, comedian and podcaster[211] Organizations Libertarian Party Mises Caucus[212] Newspapers and other media The Liberty Herald, news media website[213]

Jo Jorgensen

Municipal officials Chris Powell, member of the Bethany, Oklahoma city council and nominee for Governor of Oklahoma in 2018[214] Party officials Steve Dasbach, former chair of the Libertarian National Committee and former executive director of the Libertarian Party.[215] Darryl W. Perry, chair of the Libertarian Party of New Hampshire and candidate for President in 2016 (Previously endorsed Ruff) [216]

Adam Kokesh
Federal legislators Cynthia McKinney, former U.S. Representative from Georgia (1997–2003, 2005–2007), Green nominee for President in 2008 (Green)[217] Party officials Kenneth Brent Olsen, Vice Chair of the Libertarian Party of California[218]

Vermin Supreme

Former candidates Kim Ruff, vice-chair of the LPRadical Caucus, former candidate for President in 2020[219] State legislators Caleb Q. Dyer, former New Hampshire State Representative from Hillsborough District 37 (2017–2019)[220] Brandon Phinney, former New Hampshire State Representative from Strafford District 24 (2017–2019)[221] (Previously endorsed Ruff) Municipal officials Spencer Dias, Goffstown, NH budget committee member and Vice Chair of Southern New Hampshire Libertarian Party[222] Richard Manzo, Goffstown, NH budget committee member and Vice Chair of the Libertarian Party of New Hampshire[223] Party officials Starchild, former At-Large Representative to the Libertarian National Committee, Chair of the Libertarian Party of San Francisco Matt Hicks, 2nd Vice Chair of the Libertarian Party of South Carolina[224] Peyton Kunselman, Secretary of the Cattaraugus County, NY Libertarian Party[225] Eric Mulder, Vice Chair of the Libertarian Party of Colorado[226] Matthew Peterson-Volz, Vice Chair of the Cattaraugus County, NY Libertarian Party[227] Brian Shields, Chair of the Libertarian Party of New Hampshire[227] Individuals Rob Potylo, musician and comedian[228] Lord Buckethead, satirical parliamentary candidate from the United Kingdom[229] Philip Labonte, lead singer of the metalcore band All That Remains[230] Organisations Libertarian Socialist Caucus of the Libertarian Party[231]

Mark Whitney
Municipal officials Jeff Hewitt, member of the Riverside County Commission[232]

Withdrawn

Kim Ruff
State legislators Brandon Phinney, former New Hampshire State Representative from Strafford District 24 (2017–2019)[233] Party officials Darryl W. Perry, chair of the Libertarian Party of New Hampshire, candidate for president in 2016 (Later endorsed Jorgensen)[216]

Green Party nominations

Main article: 2020 Green Party presidential primaries

On July 24, 2019, the Green Party of the United States officially recognized the campaign of Howie Hawkins.^[234] On August 26, 2019, Dario Hunter's campaign was also recognized.^[235] The remaining candidates may obtain formal recognition after meeting the established criteria by the party's Presidential Campaign Support Committee.^[236]

On October 26, 2019, Hawkins was nominated by Socialist Party USA, in addition to seeking the Green nomination.^[237]

Declared candidates

This section is an excerpt from 2020 Green Party presidential primaries[edit] [history]

Candidate		Experience	Home state	Campaign	Projected Delegates	Delegations with Plurality	Ref
								Officially recognized by the party
Howie Hawkins		Activist; co-founder of the Green Party Socialist Party USA nominee for President in 2020[238] Nominee for Governor of New York in 2010, 2014, 2018 Nominee for U.S. Senate from New York in 2006	New York	Campaign Exploratory committee: April 3, 2019 Campaign: May 28, 2019 FEC filing[239]	22 / 402	3 (CA, NC, OH)	[240] [241] [242]
Dario Hunter		Youngstown Board of Education member (2016–2020)	California	Exploratory committee: January 21, 2019 Campaign: February 18, 2019 FEC filing[243] Running mate: Darlene Elias	11 / 402	1 (MN)	[244] [245]
David Rolde		Activist	Massachusetts	Campaign: July 14, 2019 FEC filing[246]	3 / 402	0	[247] [248]
Other candidates
Dennis Lambert		Documentary filmmaker Candidate for U.S. representative from OH-15 in 2016 Nominee for U.S. representative from OH-06 in 2014	Ohio	Campaign: May 10, 2019 FEC filing[249]	10 / 402	0	[250] [251]
Sedinam Moyowasifza-Curry		Activist Candidate for President in 2016	California	Campaign: July 29, 2015 FEC filing[252]	8 / 402	0	[253]

Endorsements

This section is an excerpt from 2020 Green Party presidential primaries § Endorsements[edit] [history]

Howie Hawkins

Local officials Michael Cornell, former board member of the Columbia Association[254] Andrea Mérida Cuéllar, former member of the Denver Board of Education; former co-chair of the Green Party of the United States from 2015-2019[255] Mike Feinstein, former mayor and city council member of Santa Monica; former co-chair of the Green Party of the United States from 2009-2011[256] Matt Gonzalez, former president and member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors; chief attorney at San Francisco Public Defender's Office[254] Scott Kender, member of the Redway Community Services District[254] Pat Noble, member of the Red Bank Regional High School Board of Education and national co-chair of Socialist Party USA (Socialist)[257] Dave Ochmanowicz, member of the Quakertown Community School Board[254] Michael Stewart, commissioner for the Soil and Water District of Greenville County[254] Individuals Ajamu Baraka, national organizer for Black Alliance for Peace; Green nominee for Vice President in 2016[254] Rodolfo Cortes Barragan, Green nominee for California's 40th Congressional District in 2018 and candidate for 2020[258] Dr. Margaret Flowers, organizer for Popular Resistance; co-chair of the Green Party of the United States[254] Chris Hedges, Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist and author; former New York Times Middle East bureau chief[259] Cheri Honkala, founder of Poor People's Economic Human Rights Campaign; Green nominee for Vice President in 2012[254] Tony Ndege, co-chair of the Green Party of the United States[254] Kevin Zeese, lawyer and political activist; Green nominee for U.S. Senate from Maryland in 2006[260] Organizations Socialist Party USA (received party's nomination)[238] Solidarity[261]

Dario Hunter
Individuals Alan Augustson, public policy analyst from New Mexico; withdrawn Green candidate for President in 2020[262] Austin Bashore, former Green Party candidate for Ohio House of Representatives for District 75 in 2018. International politicians Alex Tyrrell, leader of the Green Party of Quebec[263]

Other nominations

Main article: Minor party and independent candidates for the 2020 United States presidential election

Party conventions

Milwaukee

Charlotte

Austin

Detroit

St. Louis

  Democratic Party

  Republican Party

  Libertarian Party

  Green Party

  Constitution Party

The 2020 Democratic National Convention is scheduled from July 13 to 16 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.^{[264][265][266]}

The 2020 Republican National Convention is planned to be held in Charlotte, North Carolina, from August 24 to 27.^[267]

This will be the first time since 2004 that the two major party conventions will be held at least one month apart with the Summer Olympics in between^[268] (in 2008 and 2012, the Democratic and Republican conventions were held in back-to-back weeks following the Summer Olympics, while in 2016 both were held before the Rio Games).

The 2020 Libertarian National Convention will be held in Austin, Texas, over Memorial Day weekend from May 22 to 25.^[269][270]

The 2020 Green National Convention will be held in Detroit, Michigan from July9 to 12.^[271]

The 2020 Constitution National Convention will be held in St. Louis, Missouri from April 29 to May 2.^[272]

General election debates

University of Notre Dame
Indiana

University of Utah
Salt Lake City

University of Michigan
Ann Arbor

Belmont University
Nashville, Tennessee

Sites of the 2020 general election debates

On October 11, 2019, the Commission on Presidential Debates announced that three general election debates would be held in the fall of 2020: the first is scheduled to take place on September 29 at the University of Notre Dame in Notre Dame, Indiana, the second is scheduled to take place on October 15 at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan, and the third is scheduled to take place on October 22 at Belmont University in Nashville, Tennessee. Additionally, one vice presidential debate is scheduled for October 7, 2020, at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City.^[273] Trump is reportedly considering skipping the debates.^[274]

General election polling

Main articles: Nationwide opinion polling for the 2020 United States presidential election and Statewide opinion polling for the 2020 United States presidential election

State predictions

Most election predictors use:

• "tossup": no advantage
• "tilt" (used sometimes): advantage that is not quite as strong as "lean"
• "lean": slight advantage
• "likely" or "favored": significant, but surmountable, advantage (*highest rating given by Fox News)
• "safe" or "solid": near-certain chance of victory

State	PVI[275]	Previous result	Cook October 29, 2019[276]	IE December 19, 2019[277]	Sabato November 7, 2019[278]	Politico November 19, 2019[279]
Alabama	R+14	62.1% R	Safe R	Safe R	Safe R	Safe R
Alaska	R+9	51.3% R	Safe R	Safe R	Safe R	Safe R
Arizona	R+5	48.9% R	Tossup	Tilt R	Tossup	Tossup
Arkansas	R+15	60.6% R	Safe R	Safe R	Safe R	Safe R
California	D+12	61.7% D	Safe D	Safe D	Safe D	Safe D
Colorado	D+1	48.2% D	Likely D	Safe D	Lean D	Lean D
Connecticut	D+6	54.6% D	Safe D	Safe D	Safe D	Safe D
Delaware	D+6	53.1% D	Safe D	Safe D	Safe D	Safe D
District of Columbia	D+41	90.9% D	Safe D	Safe D	Safe D	Safe D
Florida	R+2	49.0% R	Tossup	Tossup	Lean R	Tossup
Georgia	R+5	50.8% R	Lean R	Likely R	Lean R	Lean R
Hawaii	D+18	62.2% D	Safe D	Safe D	Safe D	Safe D
Idaho	R+19	59.3% R	Safe R	Safe R	Safe R	Safe R
Illinois	D+7	55.8% D	Safe D	Safe D	Safe D	Safe D
Indiana	R+9	56.8% R	Safe R	Safe R	Safe R	Safe R
Iowa	R+3	51.2% R	Lean R	Lean R	Lean R	Lean R
Kansas	R+13	56.7% R	Safe R	Safe R	Safe R	Safe R
Kentucky	R+15	62.5% R	Safe R	Safe R	Safe R	Safe R
Louisiana	R+11	58.1% R	Safe R	Safe R	Safe R	Safe R
Maine	D+3	47.8% D	Lean D	Lean D (only statewide rating given)	Lean D	Lean D
ME-1	D+8	54.0% D	Safe D		Safe D	Safe D
ME-2	R+2	51.3% R	Lean R		Lean R	Lean R
Maryland	D+12	60.3% D	Safe D	Safe D	Safe D	Safe D
Massachusetts	D+12	60.1% D	Safe D	Safe D	Safe D	Safe D
Michigan	D+1	47.5% R	Lean D (flip)	Tilt D (flip)	Lean D (flip)	Tossup
Minnesota	D+1	46.4% D	Lean D	Likely D	Lean D	Lean D
Mississippi	R+9	57.9% R	Safe R	Safe R	Safe R	Safe R
Missouri	R+9	56.8% R	Safe R	Safe R	Safe R	Safe R
Montana	R+11	56.2% R	Safe R	Safe R	Safe R	Safe R
Nebraska	R+14	58.8% R	Safe R	Safe R (only statewide rating given)	Safe R	Safe R
NE-1	R+11	56.2% R	Safe R		Safe R	Safe R
NE-2	R+4	47.2% R	Lean R		Tossup	Tossup
NE-3	R+27	73.9% R	Safe R		Safe R	Safe R
Nevada	D+1	47.9% D	Likely D	Lean D	Lean D	Tossup
New Hampshire	EVEN	47.0% D	Lean D	Lean D	Lean D	Tossup
New Jersey	D+7	55.0% D	Safe D	Safe D	Safe D	Safe D
New Mexico	D+3	48.4% D	Safe D	Safe D	Likely D	Likely D
New York	D+11	59.0% D	Safe D	Safe D	Safe D	Safe D
North Carolina	R+3	49.8% R	Tossup	Tossup	Lean R	Tossup
North Dakota	R+16	63.0% R	Safe R	Safe R	Safe R	Safe R
Ohio	R+3	51.7% R	Lean R	Likely R	Lean R	Lean R
Oklahoma	R+20	65.3% R	Safe R	Safe R	Safe R	Safe R
Oregon	D+5	50.1% D	Safe D	Safe D	Safe D	Safe D
Pennsylvania	EVEN	48.2% R	Tossup	Tilt D (flip)	Tossup	Tossup
Rhode Island	D+10	54.4% D	Safe D	Safe D	Safe D	Safe D
South Carolina	R+8	54.9% R	Safe R	Safe R	Safe R	Safe R
South Dakota	R+14	61.5% R	Safe R	Safe R	Safe R	Safe R
Tennessee	R+14	60.7% R	Safe R	Safe R	Safe R	Safe R
Texas	R+8	52.2% R	Likely R	Safe R	Lean R	Lean R
Utah	R+20	45.5% R	Safe R	Safe R	Safe R	Likely R
Vermont	D+15	56.7% D	Safe D	Safe D	Safe D	Safe D
Virginia	D+1	49.7% D	Likely D	Safe D	Likely D	Lean D
Washington	D+7	52.5% D	Safe D	Safe D	Safe D	Safe D
West Virginia	R+19	68.5% R	Safe R	Safe R	Safe R	Safe R
Wisconsin	EVEN	47.2% R	Tossup	Tossup	Tossup	Tossup
Wyoming	R+25	67.4% R	Safe R	Safe R	Safe R	Safe R

See also

• 2020 United States gubernatorial elections
• 2020 United States Senate elections
• 2020 United States House of Representatives elections

Notes

1. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k} Candidate did not appear on any ballots.
2. ^ Max Abramson has joined the Democratic Party,^[196] but has not officially suspended his campaign.

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